INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

International Business Machines Corporation is a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange, and its shares are widely held by public investors rather than a small, fixed group of shareholders. Under U.S. securities rules, only investors that beneficially own 5 percent or more of the company’s outstanding common stock are required to publicly disclose their holdings, typically through a Schedule 13D or Schedule 13G filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. IBM had 938,034,404 shares of common stock outstanding as of February 10, 2026, according to its most recent Form 10-K.

The largest disclosed institutional shareholder identified is The Vanguard Group, Inc., which reported beneficial ownership of 92,822,090 shares, representing approximately 10.03 percent of IBM’s outstanding common stock, in a Schedule 13G/A filed with the SEC on February 7, 2025. BlackRock, Inc. has also disclosed a passive institutional stake above the 5 percent threshold, reporting beneficial ownership of 75,479,656 shares, or approximately 8.3 percent, in a Schedule 13G/A filed on January 25, 2024. Both filings describe the shares as held in the ordinary course of business, without an intent to influence or control the company. Internal data feeds also show smaller holdings by several individual index funds managed by Vanguard and other asset managers, but the percentage figures shown against those individual fund positions could not be independently reconciled against IBM’s total shares outstanding, so this overview relies on the holders’ own SEC filings instead.

No individual has been identified or disclosed as an ultimate beneficial owner of International Business Machines Corporation. As a widely held, publicly traded company, its share register does not point to any natural person or small group exercising control consistent with typical beneficial-ownership thresholds, and no such disclosure has been made in SEC filings.

Shareholder disclosure for International Business Machines Corporation should be treated as major shareholders only: it reflects institutional investors that have crossed the 5 percent SEC disclosure threshold, rather than a complete register of all shareholders. The percentages above are point-in-time figures as of the filing dates stated and change as holders buy, sell or amend their filings.

New York Department of State corporate records reviewed for International Business Machines Corporation list a large number of current corporate officer entries, including titles such as Chief Executive Officer, Senior Vice President, Vice President and Manager. The records reviewed show these officers with an active work status; no resignation or removal dates are recorded for them in this filing, and the underlying New York registry data does not include appointment or resignation dates, nationality or country of residence for any officer.

Based on the company’s own SEC filings, Arvind Krishna serves as Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of International Business Machines Corporation, and James J. Kavanaugh serves as Senior Vice President of Finance and Operations and Chief Financial Officer. The New York registry entry corresponding to the Chief Executive Officer role records the name in reversed order, but the role and company match confirm the same individual identified in IBM’s SEC filings.

Recent board-level changes disclosed by the company include the election of Ramon L. Laguarta, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo, Inc., to IBM’s Board of Directors effective March 1, 2026, as announced in a Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 30, 2026. Following the later departure of director Frederick H. Waddell, IBM amended its by-laws to fix the size of the Board of Directors at thirteen directors, effective April 28, 2026, as disclosed in a subsequent Form 8-K filing.

Officer information for International Business Machines Corporation in this jurisdiction should be treated as current only, since the New York registry data reviewed does not include historical or former officer records. Nationality is not disclosed for any officer in the sources reviewed, and country of residence is likewise not stated; correspondence addresses shown in the registry are business service addresses in the United States and should not be read as indicating any officer’s residence or nationality.

International Business Machines Corporation sits at the top of its own corporate group. No parent company has been identified for it in the sources reviewed, and it is not disclosed as a subsidiary of any other entity. Corporate-linkage data reviewed identifies 98 directly linked entities beneath International Business Machines Corporation, together with further layers of indirectly held entities, spanning jurisdictions across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

Among the entities identified, Red Hat, Inc., a corporation registered in North Carolina, United States, has operated as a direct subsidiary of International Business Machines Corporation since IBM completed its acquisition of Red Hat in July 2019. Red Hat, Inc. in turn has an extensive network of indirect subsidiaries operating under the Red Hat name across numerous countries, including Ireland, Germany, France, Japan, Brazil and India, forming a substantial part of IBM’s international corporate structure. Ownership or voting percentages for the individual entities identified are not disclosed in the data reviewed.

On February 27, 2025, International Business Machines Corporation completed the acquisition of HashiCorp, Inc., a provider of infrastructure and security automation software, in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately 6.4 billion US dollars, adding HashiCorp’s business to IBM’s Software segment. HashiCorp, Inc. was not identified as a distinct entity in the corporate-linkage data reviewed, so this acquisition is noted separately as a recent, externally confirmed structural change.

The corporate-linkage information available for International Business Machines Corporation should be treated as partial: it identifies a substantial number of subsidiary entities by name, country and registration number, but it does not disclose ownership or voting percentages for those relationships, and it does not yet reflect the HashiCorp acquisition described above.