INNODATA INC.

Shareholders of INNODATA INC.

INNODATA INC. is a Nasdaq-listed company, so no complete shareholder register is published. What is disclosed is holdings above the 5% reporting threshold on Schedules 13D and 13G, and the beneficial-ownership table in the annual proxy statement. The Form 10-K cover for the year ended 31 December 2025 records 32,602,397 shares of common stock outstanding at 20 February 2026; the definitive proxy statement filed on 24 April 2026 computes its percentages on 32,655,008 shares outstanding at 15 April 2026. Public float was $1,559,767,165 at 30 June 2025.

The reportable positions on the most recent Schedule 13 filings for Innodata Inc. are:

The Vanguard Group, Inc. amendment expressly reports nil, stating that on 12 January 2026 it underwent an internal realignment after which certain subsidiaries and business divisions report beneficial ownership separately. Vanguard Capital Management LLC filed the replacement position. These are reportable institutional holdings, not the whole shareholder base.

Individual holdings are material at this issuer. Jack S. Abuhoff files his own Schedule 13D on Innodata Inc.; Amendment No. 6, filed 26 November 2024, reported 3,007,950 shares, 9.76% of the 29,000,324 shares then outstanding, of which 1,819,592 were shares issuable on exercise of stock options. The 2026 proxy statement puts his beneficial ownership at 3,240,048 shares, 9.4%, including 1,899,592 currently exercisable options and 140,098 restricted stock units, and reports a combined 4,139,281 shares, 11.8%, for the eight individuals its table covers.

Ultimate beneficial ownership

No controlling shareholder or ultimate beneficial owner has been identified for Innodata Inc. No Schedule 13D reports control, and the largest disclosed individual position is below 10% and consists substantially of unexercised options. The United States operates no public beneficial-ownership register for listed issuers, so ultimate ownership can be established only from Schedule 13 filings and the proxy statement.

Data availability

Major shareholders only. United States disclosure covers holders crossing 5% and the persons named in the proxy’s beneficial-ownership table; there is no public register of all holders, and shares held in street name through brokers are not attributed to underlying investors.

The five shareholder rows stored against this profile do not reconcile with the filings and should not be relied on. They carry an implied denominator of about 13.36 million shares, whereas 32,602,397 shares were outstanding at 20 February 2026. Recomputed against the actual share count, the stored “Vanguard Group Inc” quantity of 1,838,900 shares is about 5.6%, not the 13.76% shown. The named holder is also wrong: The Vanguard Group, Inc. reported nil on 27 March 2026. “iShares Trust-iShares Russell 2000 ETF” appears twice, at two different quantities and two different share prices with the same verification date, and neither iShares nor Fidelity Salem Street Trust has filed a Schedule 13 on this issuer. Only the quantities are usable, and only against a share count taken from a filing.

Sources

• SEC EDGAR, Innodata Inc. Form 10-K for the year ended 31 December 2025 (CIK 0000903651), cover page — filed 26 February 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465926020655/inod-20251231x10k.htm
• SEC EDGAR, Innodata Inc. definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management — filed 24 April 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465926048201/tm261509d1_def14a.htm
• SEC EDGAR, BlackRock, Inc. SCHEDULE 13G/A on Innodata Inc. — filed 28 July 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000201238326002596/primary_doc.xml
• SEC EDGAR, Jane Street Group, LLC SCHEDULE 13G on Innodata Inc. — filed 1 June 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000159588826000049/primary_doc.xml
• SEC EDGAR, Vanguard Capital Management LLC SCHEDULE 13G on Innodata Inc. — filed 31 July 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000210011926001391/primary_doc.xml
• SEC EDGAR, The Vanguard Group, Inc. SCHEDULE 13G/A on Innodata Inc. reporting nil — filed 27 March 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000010290926001555/primary_doc.xml
• SEC EDGAR, Jack S. Abuhoff Schedule 13D/A (Amendment No. 6) on Innodata Inc. — filed 26 November 2024, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465924123186/tm2429590d1_sc13da.htm

Directors and officers of INNODATA INC.

As at 29 September 2026 the board of INNODATA INC. comprises six directors, five of whom the board has determined to be independent; the only non-independent director is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Five were nominated for election at the 2026 annual meeting and a sixth, Admiral (Retired) Michael S. Rogers, was elected by the board with effect from 10 September 2026. A seventh will join on 30 September 2026. One director departure is disclosed in the period reviewed. The executive team was substantially rebuilt during 2025 and 2026: a permanent Chief Financial Officer took office on 6 July 2026, and a Chief Executive Officer succession takes effect on 30 September 2026. Ages are disclosed in the proxy statement; nationality is not, with one exception noted below.

Recent officer changes

• Nauman (Nick) Toor gave notice on 4 November 2025 of his resignation as Chairman and member of the board, and from the compensation, audit and nominating committees, effective 6 November 2025. The Form 8-K states the resignation was not the result of any disagreement with the company. Daniel H. (Don) Callahan and Richard D. Clarke were elected as independent directors on 5 November 2025, effective the same date, to fill the vacancy.
• Jayant Chauhan was appointed Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and principal financial officer effective 6 July 2026; Marissa B. Espineli, previously Interim Chief Financial Officer, moved to Chief Accounting Officer and continues as principal accounting officer. Announced 17 June 2026.
• On 3 August 2026 the board approved the transition of Jack S. Abuhoff from Chief Executive Officer to Executive Chairman and appointed Rahul Singhal as Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board, both effective 30 September 2026. Mr Abuhoff remains Chairman of the Board.

Data availability

Current only, and complete for the categories US disclosure covers. The United States has no company register that publishes directors, so the board and executive officers of Innodata Inc. are established from the annual proxy statement, Form 10-K and Current Reports on Form 8-K, which give roles and effective dates but no appointment date beyond the year for long-serving directors. Nationality is not published in these filings and is recorded here as not disclosed, with one exception: the Schedule 13D/A filed by Jack S. Abuhoff on 26 November 2024 states his citizenship as United States on its cover page. Residence and correspondence addresses are not disclosed; the address in the filings is the company’s own office.

The six officer rows stored against this profile are incomplete and partly wrong. All six are labelled “Governingperson” with no appointment or resignation dates and a status of ACTIVE. Only three of the six — Jack S. Abuhoff, Louise C. Forlenza and Stewart R. Massey — are current directors. Amy R. Agress and Marissa B. Espineli are officers, not board members. Nauman Toor is shown as active although he resigned with effect from 6 November 2025. Three current directors (Callahan, Clarke and Rogers) and three current executive officers (Singhal, Chauhan and Mishra) are absent altogether.

Sources

• SEC EDGAR, Innodata Inc. definitive proxy statement (DEF 14A), Proposal 1 Election of Directors and Executive Officers — filed 24 April 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465926048201/tm261509d1_def14a.htm
• SEC EDGAR, Innodata Inc. Form 8-K, Item 5.02, resignation of Nauman Toor and election of Callahan and Clarke — filed 7 November 2025, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465925108168/tm2530546d1_8k.htm
• SEC EDGAR, Innodata Inc. Form 8-K, Item 5.02, appointment of Jayant Chauhan — filed 17 June 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465926075184/tm2617967d1_8k.htm
• SEC EDGAR, Innodata Inc. Form 8-K, Item 5.02, chief executive officer succession — filed 6 August 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465926092010/tm2621499d1_8k.htm
• SEC EDGAR, Innodata Inc. Form 8-K, Item 5.02, election of Michael S. Rogers — filed 15 September 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465926107790/tm2625393d1_8k.htm
• SEC EDGAR, Jack S. Abuhoff Schedule 13D/A (Amendment No. 6) on Innodata Inc., cover page citizenship — filed 26 November 2024, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465924123186/tm2429590d1_sc13da.htm

Group structure of INNODATA INC.

INNODATA INC. is the parent of its own group. It is a Nasdaq-listed Delaware corporation with no parent entity: no Schedule 13D or 13G on file reports control of the company, and its consolidated financial statements are presented for “Innodata Inc. and subsidiaries”. Ten subsidiaries can be verified from filed documents across five jurisdictions — the United States, India, the Philippines, Hong Kong and the United Kingdom, where a two-level chain is corroborated by the Companies House register of persons with significant control. The Form 10-K exhibit lists significant subsidiaries only, as SEC rules permit, so the group is larger than the entities named below. Information dates run from 26 February 2026 for the Form 10-K exhibit to 29 September 2026 for the UK register reads.

Verified corporate relationships

Data availability

Partial. The United States publishes no consolidated corporate-linkage register, and SEC Item 601(b)(21) allows insignificant subsidiaries to be omitted from Exhibit 21, so the list above is a floor rather than the whole group. Ownership percentages are disclosed for neither the US nor the Asian entities; only the UK register gives a banded figure. The New Jersey and Florida business registers and Delaware’s corporate search could not be opened from either machine used, so the state file numbers held against the US entities could not be checked, and the Delaware charter file number for Innodata Inc. itself could not be retrieved.

On the stored group data: the tree carries six nodes below this company and, unusually, gets the United Kingdom chain right. Its placement of INNODATA GLOBAL HOLDINGS LIMITED beneath INNODATA EUROPE LIMITED matches the Companies House register exactly, and both registration numbers resolve to the correct companies. Two caveats remain. The node “Agility PR Solutions Canada Ltd” carries the identifier 0314720809 prefixed with a hash, which is a provider-internal reference rather than a registration number; no Canadian entity of that name could be confirmed from a register, and Innodata’s own filings name a United States entity, Agility PR Solutions LLC, instead. The tree also omits every entity in Exhibit 21, so it covers a small part of the group.

Sources

• SEC EDGAR, Innodata Inc. Form 10-K for the year ended 31 December 2025, Exhibit 21 Significant Subsidiaries — filed 26 February 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465926020655/inod-20251231xex21.htm
• SEC EDGAR, Innodata Inc. Form 8-K, fourth amendment to the Wells Fargo credit agreement, naming Synodex, Docgenix, Solutions and Services as subsidiaries of the company — filed 24 March 2026, retrieved 29 September 2026: https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/903651/000110465926033893/tm269624d1_8k.htm
• Companies House, INNODATA EUROPE LIMITED (05660881), persons with significant control — retrieved 29 September 2026: https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/05660881/persons-with-significant-control
• Companies House, INNODATA GLOBAL HOLDINGS LIMITED (10212156), persons with significant control — retrieved 29 September 2026: https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/10212156/persons-with-significant-control